The 19th century was a time when nationalist movements gained strength in Europe, and many nations fought for their independence. Norway was no exception. In 1814, after the Napoleonic Wars, Norway separated from Denmark and united with Sweden. However, the Norwegian people never fully embraced this union and continued their struggle for independence.
The Napoleonic Wars and the 1814 Union
After the Napoleonic Wars, political balances in Europe were reshaped. In 1814, the Treaty of Kiel saw Norway separate from Denmark and join Sweden. This union was a difficult period for the Norwegians. The forced union with Sweden initiated Norway’s search for its own identity and independence.
May 17, 1874: The First Step Toward Independence
May 17, 1874, became a turning point for Norway. On this date, the Norwegian parliament (Stortinget) declared independence. This move allowed Norway to gain more autonomy in its internal affairs and loosen its ties with Sweden. By adopting its own constitution, Norway began to act independently in domestic matters.
Stortinget and the Struggle for Autonomy
The Norwegian parliament, Stortinget, played a crucial role during this process. Based on the Norwegian Constitution adopted on May 17, 1814, Stortinget consistently expressed Norway’s desire to act independently in its internal affairs. The declaration of independence in 1874 was the result of this struggle and a significant step in Norway’s path toward autonomy.
Full Independence: The 1905 Referendum
Norway’s full independence was achieved in 1905. In a referendum held that year, the Norwegian people chose to completely separate from Sweden and establish their own independent state. The majority of the population voted in favor of independence, and Norway continued its journey as an independent kingdom.
Norway’s Independence Day
May 17 is known as Syttende Mai in Norway, and it is celebrated with great enthusiasm not only as the day the Norwegian Constitution was adopted but also as the day the declaration of independence was made in 1874. This date represents a day of pride and freedom for the Norwegian people.
The Significance of Norway’s Struggle for Independence
Norway’s fight for independence holds significance as part of the broader nationalist movements in Europe. The Norwegian people fought determinedly to preserve their identity and independence, ultimately succeeding in establishing a fully independent state. This struggle inspired the independence movements of other nations as well.
Conclusion
May 17, 1874, was a key milestone in Norway’s journey toward independence. This date symbolizes the Norwegian people’s determination for freedom and independence. Norway achieved full independence in 1905. The annual celebration of Norway’s Independence Day on May 17 holds historical and cultural significance for the Norwegian people and offers a chance to honor the country’s fight for independence.