“Python Operators: From Basics to Advanced”

Python Operators: From Basics to Advanced

Python offers a wide range of operators, allowing you to easily perform various operations during the programming process. In this article, we will explain Python operators and how to use them with example code blocks.

Table of Contents

• Assignment Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Membership Operators
• Identity Operators

1. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable.

# Simple assignment operator
x = 10
print(x)  # Output: 10

# Other assignment operators
x += 5   # x = x + 5
print(x)  # Output: 15

x -= 3   # x = x - 3
print(x)  # Output: 12

x *= 2   # x = x * 2
print(x)  # Output: 24

x /= 4   # x = x / 4
print(x)  # Output: 6.0

2. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform numerical operations.

= 15
b = 4

print(a + b)  # Addition: Output: 19
print(a - b)  # Subtraction: Output: 11
print(a * b)  # Multiplication: Output: 60
print(a / b)  # Division: Output: 3.75
print(a % b)  # Modulo: Output: 3
print(a ** b) # Exponentiation: Output: 50625
print(a // b) # Floor division: Output: 3

3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return boolean (True or False) results.

x = 10
y = 20

print(x == y)  # Equal to: Output: False
print(x != y)  # Not equal to: Output: True
print(x > y)   # Greater than: Output: False
print(x < y)   # Less than: Output: True
print(x >= y)  # Greater than or equal to: Output: False
print(x <= y)  # Less than or equal to: Output: True

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to evaluate boolean expressions.

x = True
y = False

print(x and y)  # And: Output: False
print(x or y)   # Or: Output: True
print(not x)    # Not: Output: False

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators operate on numbers at the bit level.

a= 10  # 1010 in binary
b = 4   # 0100 in binary

print(a & b)  # And: Output: 0 (0000)
print(a | b)  # Or: Output: 14 (1110)
print(a ^ b)  # Xor: Output: 14 (1110)
print(~a)     # Not: Output: -11 (in binary: -1011)
print(a << 2) # Left shift: Output: 40 (101000)
print(a >> 2) # Right shift: Output: 2 (0010)

6. Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to check if a value is present in a sequence (list, tuple, set, etc.).

list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(3 in list)   # Membership: Output: True
print(6 not in list)  # Not membership: Output: True

7. Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to check if two variables point to the same object.

a= 10
b = 10
c = a

print(a is b)   # Same object: Output: True
print(a is not c)  # Not the same object: Output: False

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = list1
list3 = list1.copy()

print(list1 is list2)  # Same object: Output: True
print(list1 is list3)  # Same object: Output: False
print(list1 == list3)  # Same values: Output: True

Conclusion

Python operators offer a wide range of tools to perform various types of operations. In this article, we have explained the basic assignment, arithmetic, comparison, logical, bitwise, membership, and identity operators along with example code blocks. This knowledge will help you improve your fundamental understanding of Python programming and assist you in writing more complex programs.